The morphology and structure of energetic materials have significant impact on their various properties. In order to improve the inherent performance of existing energetic materials and meet the different application requirements of weapon， the assembly of energetic materials is an effective technology. Based on the relevant works of domestic and foreign scholars， the current methods of energetic materials assembly and the effects on performances were summarized from two perspectives： the directly affecting the structure of single-component energetic materials through assembly and regulating their performance， and the assembly components and composite structure of multi-component composite energetic materials synergistically regulating the performance. The enlightenment of other functional materials assembly for energetic material was elaborated. Currently， the assembly of single-component energetic materials can achieve new crystal morphology， while multi-component assembly can compensate for the inadequacy of available performance control， and achieve synergistic improvement of energy and safety performance. However， the development of energetic material assembly still faces problems such as monotonous assembly methods， difficult process control， unclear assembly mechanisms， and insufficient research on multi-components. Future research may focus on three perspectives： the improvement of crystal assembly theory for energetic materials， the development of mesoscopic characterization techniques， and the exploration of new assembly technologies.