Nowadays， the conventional batch preparation process is difficult to achieve accurate control of process parameters， product structure and properties due to the macro scale， resulting in poor product uniformity and significant safety risk in the preparation process. Therefore， how to achieve safe， controllable， and efficient preparation of energetic materials has become a popular research topic. Microreactors are well-suited for preparing energetic materials due to their advantages of miniaturization， integration， high safety， and excellent mass and heat transfer efficiencies. Consequently， microreactor technology has gradually attracted the wide attention of researchers and emerged in the preparation of energetic materials.. This paper provides a detailed overview of the domestic and international research progress on the application of microreactors in hazardous chemical synthesis processes and the preparation of energetic materials. Special attention is given to the potential application of microreactors in the preparation of monolithic and composite energetic materials. The future research direction was prospected， and the future development needs of microreactor technology were emphasized， including large-scale production， three wastes treatment and intelligent platform construction.