The typical energetic compounds represented by 2，4，6-trinitrotoluene （TNT） have multiple toxic effects， which seriously threaten the life and health of of production personnel. In order to comprehensively understand the toxic effects of various typical energetic compounds， TNT， cyclotrimethylene trinitramine （RDX）， cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine （HMX）， hexanitrohexaazaisowoodane （CL-20）， 1，1-diamino-2，2-dinitroethylene （FOX-7）， 2，4-dinitroanisole （DNAN）， 3-nitro-1，2，4-triazol-5-one （NTO）， 1，1''-dihydroxy-5，5''-bitetrazole dihydroxylamine salt （HATO） and ammonium dinitamide （ADN） 9 common typical energy compounds in mammals， and their main toxic effects were reviewed. It was pointed out that TNT has genotoxicity， carcinogenicity， reproductive toxicity and other toxic effects， which can lead to anemia， lens abnormalities， cataracts and other toxic diseases. CL-20 with genetic toxicity， can induce deoxyribonucleic acid （DNA） oxidative damage and mutation. RDX and HMX are neurotoxic substances and can induce neurotoxic symptoms such as epilepsy. NTO， ADN and FOX-7 have strong reproductive toxicity and can damage the male reproductive system. DNAN and HATO have immune system toxicity， can interfere withlymphocyte levels and damage the spleen. At the same time， it is suggested that the toxic mechanism of energetic compounds should be further studied in the future. Strengthen the research of toxic protection technology of energetic compounds， explore the toxic effect of new energetic compounds and the combined toxic effect of multi-energetic compounds.