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DAP-4/TKX-50混合物的热分解机理
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西安近代化学研究所, 陕西 西安 710065

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国家自然科学基金(U2141202)


Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of DAP-4/TKX-50 Mixtures
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Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China

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    摘要:

    为详细探究高氯酸铵基分子钙钛矿型含能材料(H2dabco)(NH4)(ClO43(DAP-4),/5,5"-联四唑-1,1"-二氧二羟铵(TKX-50)混合物的热分解特性(其中H2dabco2+为1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷-1,4-二鎓离子),采用差示扫描量热法-热重/质谱/傅里叶红外光谱联用技术对比分析了DAP-4、DAP-4/TKX-50混合物的热分解特性和气体产物,利用固体原位红外技术对DAP-4、DAP-4/TKX-50混合物凝聚相特征基团随温度的变化进行了研究,最后推测出了DAP-4/TKX-50混合物热分解机理。结果表明,DAP-4与TKX-50混合后,DAP-4对TKX-50的热分解影响较小,TKX-50热分解产生的热量使DAP-4可逆相变吸热峰消失,但几乎不影响其高温下的热分解;DAP-4/TKX-50混合物热质量损失分为2个阶段,第一阶段质量损失为43.4%,第二阶段质量损失为52.4%,分解残渣剩余4.2%;DAP-4热分解产生的气体产物主要有NH3、H2O、HNCO、HCN、CO、HCl和CO2,DAP-4/TKX-50混合物热分解产生的气体产物主要有H2O、NO、N2O、HCl、NH3、N2、HNCO、HCN、CO和CO2。DAP-4/TKX-50混合物的热分解机理为:TKX-50分子内发生氢离子可逆转移,生成羟胺和1,1′-二羟基-5,5′联四唑(BTO);羟胺在高温下再继续分解为小分子气体,BTO分解产生的碎片部分聚合成偶联产物;最后,DAP-4离子键断裂,笼状骨架瞬间坍塌,强还原性和强氧化性气体组分在高温下发生剧烈氧化还原反应,并释放大量热。

    Abstract:

    To explore the detailed thermal decomposition properties of the mixture system consists of ammonium perchlorate-based molecular perovskite energetic material (H2dabco)(NH4)(ClO43 (DAP-4, where H2dabco2+ refers to 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-dianiumion) and dihydroxylammonium 5,5"-bistetrazole-1,1"-diolate (TKX-50), the thermal decomposition characteristics and gas products of DAP-4 and DAP-4/TKX-50 mixtures were comparatively analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry/fourier infrared spectroscopy; meanwhile, the changes of characteristic groups in the condensed phase of DAP-4 and DAP-4/TKX-50 mixtures with temperature were investigated by in-situ FTIR. Based on the explorations the thermal decomposition mechanism of DAP-4/TKX-50 mixture was proposed. The results showed that after mixing DAP-4 with TKX-50, DAP-4 had little effect on the thermal decomposition of TKX-50, while the heat generated by the thermal decomposition of TKX-50 made the reversible phase transition endothermic peak of DAP-4 disappeared, but hardly affected DAP-4′s thermal decomposition at high temperature. The thermal mass loss of DAP-4/TKX-50 mixture was divided into two stages. The mass loss of the first stage was 43.4% and the mass loss of the second stage was 52.4%, leaving 4.2% of the decomposition residue. The main gas products produced by thermal decomposition of DAP-4 and DAP-4/TKX-50 mixture were NH3/H2O/HNCO/HCN/CO/HCl/CO2 and H2O/NO/N2O/HCl/NH3/N2/HNCO/HCN/CO/CO2, respectively. The thermal decomposition mechanism of the DAP-4/TKX-50 mixture was proposed as follows: the reversible transfer of hydrogen ions occurs first in the molecule of TKX-50 to generate hydroxylamine and 1,1"-dihydroxy-5,5"-bitetrazole (BTO), then hydroxylamine decomposed into small molecular gases at high temperature while the fragments generated by BTO decomposition partially polymerized into coupling products. Finally, the ionic bond of DAP-4 was broken, leading to instantaneous collapse of the cage-like skeleton. The strongly reducing and strongly oxidizing gas components underwent violent redox reactions at high temperatures and release a large amount of heat.

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张坤,冯博,王晓峰,等. DAP-4/TKX-50混合物的热分解机理[J].含能材料, 2022, 30(7):673-680. DOI:10.11943/CJEM2022064.
ZHANG Kun, FENG Bo, WANG Xiao-Feng, et al. Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of DAP-4/TKX-50 Mixtures[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2022, 30(7):673-680. DOI:10.11943/CJEM2022064.

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  • 收稿日期: 2022-03-27
  • 最后修改日期: 2022-05-30
  • 录用日期: 2022-05-20
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-05-27
  • 出版日期: 2022-07-25