Iodine-rich compounds are a new type of bactericidal materials developed in recent years. Gaseous products comprised of large amounts of iodine or iodine-containing components are released can be used as strong biocides during the progress of decomposition or explosion of iodine-rich compounds. It has the advantages of short response time， good flexibility， high sterilization efficiency， and can adapt to the needs of complex environment. In this review， we summarized the iodination methods of preparing five-member or six-member nitrogen heterocycles by using I₂/KI， I₂/oxidants， NIS or ICl， and the range of application， advantages and disadvantages of different iodide methods were compared and analyzed， It is pointed out that the preparation of iodine-rich energetic compounds in the future should focus on improving the atom economy of iodine and the green and friendly synthesis process. It is hoped that this review will provide guidance for the design， synthesis and large-scale preparation of new iodine-rich energetic compounds in the future.