In order to obtain propagation laws of shock wave inside the bunker under different working conditions, 48 explosion tests at various buried depths were carried out using an underground engineering model that could be assembled by steel structural units. Waveforms of shock waves were measured by piezoresistive pressure sensors mounted on the sidewall of the structures. From the measured data, distribution formulas on positive pressure impulse and action time of shock wave in the underground bunker under deep drilling explosion conditions were studied. The results show that values of representing characteristic parameters of shock waves are mainly related to the reinforcement ratio of the covering layer, the proportional blast height of the charge, the proportional blast distance and the proportional diameter of the cross section of the structure. Correlation coefficients of fitted algorithms are greater than 0.8, and average errors are less than 20%; therefore the engineering models can provide load basis for analysis and design of underground structures against blast damage.