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可移动式液固云爆剂绿色处理装置研究
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南京理工大学化工学院, 江苏 南京 210094

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Mobile Equipment for Green Treatment of Liquid-solid Fuel Air Explosive
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School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 , China

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    摘要:

    针对硝酸异丙酯和镁粉组成的液固云爆剂报废处理问题,提出采用物理分离的方法将固态金属镁粉与液态硝酸异丙酯分开并回收金属镁粉,然后采用化学水解的方法将硝酸异丙酯转变成非爆炸性物质异丙醇后再回收。测试了液固云爆剂的撞击感度和摩擦感度及其在重力过滤、减压过滤、加压过滤和离心过滤分离方式下的分离效果,得出云爆剂对分离时的碰撞和摩擦等冲击作用具有较强的承受能力,并且采用离心过滤分离云爆剂具有分离速度快、分离过程安全性高的优点。对影响硝酸异丙酯水解转化率的各项因素进行工艺放大研究,确定了水解处理硝酸异丙酯的工艺条件:V(硝酸异丙酯)∶V(水)=1∶3,n(硝酸异丙酯)∶n(NaOH)=1∶1.1,反应温度150 ℃,反应时间30 min。在此基础上,提出了液固云爆剂的可移动式处理装置的工艺流程、单元设备及其结构和各项技术参数,并据此研制出云爆剂处理回收装置。装置试用结果表明,2.6 kg液固云爆剂经离心分离3 min后镁粉中硝酸异丙酯含量为0.69%,液固分离效果理想;15 kg硝酸异丙酯经水解处理30 min后硝酸异丙酯转化率达99.4%,硝酸异丙酯水解彻底。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the disposal of waste liquid-solid Fuel Air Explosive(FAE) composed of isopropyl nitrate and magnesium powder, a physical separation method was proposed to separate magnesium powder from isopropyl nitrate and to recycle metal magnesium powder, and then the isopropyl nitrate was converted into non-explosive isopropanol by chemical hydrolysis and was recycled. The impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of liquid-solid FAE were tested, and the separation effects of liquid-solid FAE by various methods, i.e., gravity filtration, decompression filtration, pressure filtration, centrifugal filtration, were studied. The results show that the liquid-solid FAE has a strong ability to bear the impact of collision and friction during the separation, and the separation of liquid-olid FAE by centrifugal filtration has advantages of fast speed and high safety. The scale-up process for hydrolysis of isopropyl nitrate were studied and the hydrolysis conditions of isopropyl nitrate were determined: V(isopropyl nitrate)∶V(water)=1∶3, n(isopropyl nitrate)∶n(NaOH)=1∶1.1, reaction temperature at 150 ℃, reaction time of 30 min. On this basis, the process flow, unit devices, structure and technical parameters of the mobile equipment for treating the liquid-solid FAE were proposed, and the treatment equipment was developed accordingly. The test results of the equipment are shown as follows: after centrifugal filtration process of 2.6 kg liquid-solid FAE for 3 min, the content of isopropyl nitrate in magnesium powder is 0.69%, which indicates the liquid-solid separation effect is perfect; after hydrolysis process of 15 kg isopropyl nitrate for 30 minutes, the conversion rate of isopropyl nitrate reaches 99.4%, which indicates the hydrolysis of isopropyl nitrate completes thoroughly.

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引用本文

郑占胜,胡炳成.可移动式液固云爆剂绿色处理装置研究[J].含能材料, 2020, 28(8):786-791. DOI:10.11943/CJEM2019225.
ZHENG Zhan-sheng, HU Bing-cheng. Mobile Equipment for Green Treatment of Liquid-solid Fuel Air Explosive[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2020, 28(8):786-791. DOI:10.11943/CJEM2019225.

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历史
  • 收稿日期: 2019-08-25
  • 最后修改日期: 2020-02-01
  • 录用日期: 2019-12-20
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-01-21
  • 出版日期: 2020-08-25