The instantaneous thermal effect from the explosion of traditional explosives cannot effectively kill biological agents carried by biological weapons. Iodine-rich compounds can not only release energy, but also efficiently kill biological agents. Therefore, iodine-rich compounds has been thought as the most promising "energetic biocidal agent"compounds. This paper reviews the synthesis and properties of covalent, ionic and co-crystal iodine-rich compounds, and presents bactericidal ability of part"energetic biocidal agent"compounds. Combined with the structure-function relationship, this review points out that developing new iodine-richcompounds with good thermostability, high density, high iodine and high bactericidal activity, will be a research focus on"energetic biocidal agent"compounds. Moreover, on the premise of good bactericidal ability, constantly increasing the energy density and spraying range of"energetic biocidal agent"compounds is another development trend of anti-biological agent research.