The pressure of underwater near-field explosion is high and damping rapidly， which is difficult to test accurately. To investigate the near-field explosion shock wave loading and driving characteristics of aluminized explosives， a model was established to calculate the incident shock wave pressure according to the theory of strong shock wave driving air-backed metal plate. Finally， tests of underwater explosion driving 3 mm-thick air-backed steel plate at 5 R₀ were conducted on TNT and five different aluminized explosives， which verified the accuracy of the shock wave pressure calculation model. The free-field shock wave pressure at 2 R₀-6 R₀ （charge radius） distance of spherical TNT charges and driving law of 3 mm-thick air-backed steel plate were calculated by numerical simulation. Then the shock wave pressure before cavitation was calculated based on the velocity-time history data. Results also show that for every 5% increase in the content of 2 μm aluminum， the acceleration time of plates increases by 4.4%. With larger particle size of aluminum powder， the acceleration time of plate is longer， but the maximum velocity is smaller. 20 μm and 2 μm aluminum powder absorbs energy in the detonation reaction zone， resulting in a decrease in the detonation velocity and pressure of TNT. While 200 nm aluminum powder may partially participate in the detonation reaction zone and release energy， which positively supports the propagation of detonation waves.