An experimental platform was designed for the explosive dispersion process of short carbon fibers. According to the characteristics and requirements of explosive dispersion for different periods, two high-speed cameras were used to record the fracture process of the shell and the macro-expansion process of the cloud using the frame rates of 50,000 frames per second and 2000 frames per second respectively. By measuring and analyzing the sequence images of the whole process of explosive dispersion, the characteristics of shell fracture and cloud dispersion formation were obtained, and the curves of the diameter, height and expansion velocity of explosive dispersion cloud with time were established. Analysis of the high speed video records of the explosive dispersion of four kinds of projectiles with a similar structure and identical loading parameters show that, the explosive dispersion process of short cut carbon fibers mainly goes through four stages: shell rupture, jet ejection, cloud expansion and turbulent mixing. The dispersion process follows similar laws that, the initial cloud diameter has a linear relationship with the bomb diameter and the cube root of the loading mass of fibers respectively, and the initial cloud height has a quadratic polynomial relationship with the bomb height.