耐热炸药ZXC-20的合成与性能
2020,28(3):198-202
摘要：以2,3,4-三氟硝基苯为原料，采用硝化、成环及再硝化三步反应合成了12,52-二氟-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-八硝基-2,4,6,8-四氧桥连-1,3,5,7(1,3)-杯[4]芳烃（ZXC-20）。采用溶剂挥发法得到ZXC-20·EtOH的单晶，并利用X射线单晶衍射技术表征了该单晶结构。用全自动真密度仪和综合热分析仪测定该化合物的密度和热稳定性，并采用EXPLO5 v6.01程序预测了其爆轰性能。结果表明，ZXC-20晶体属于P1空间群，晶胞参数为a=10.620(6) Å，b=10.641(6) Å，c=16.549(12) Å。V=1524.5(16) Å3,Z=2,F（000）=788.0；在298 K下，ZXC-20的实测密度为1.912 g·cm-3，热分解温度为333.76 ℃，理论爆速和理论爆压分别为8070 m·s-1和29.5 GPa,均优于TATB，是一种潜在的含氟耐热炸药。
关键词：耐热炸药;合成;杯芳烃;氟代高能炸药;爆轰性能
Synthesis and Properties of Heat-resistant Explosive ZXC-20
Abstract:12,52-difluoro-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octanitro-2,4,6,8-tetraoxa-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane (ZXC-20) was synthesized from 2,3,4-trifluoro-nitrobenzene by nitration, cyclization and nitration. The single crystal of ZXC-20·EtOH was obtained by solvent evaporation method, and its single crystal structure was characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The density of the compound was determined by automatic densitometer. The thermal decomposition temperature of ZXC-20 were recorded on a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The detonation parameters such as detonation velocity and detonation pressure of ZXC-20 were calculated by EXPLO5 v6.01. The results show that the crystal belongs to P-1 space group. Its cell parameters are a =10.620(6) Å, b =10.641(6) Å, c=16.549(12) Å, V=1524.5(16) Å3, Z=2, F(000)=788.0. The actual density of ZXC-20 is 1.912 g·cm-3 at 298 K. The thermal decomposition temperature is 333.76 ºC. The crystal belongs to P-1 space group. The theoretical detonation velocity and theoretical detonation pressure of ZXC-20 are 8070 m·s-1 and 29.5 GPa, respectively, which are better than TATB. ZXC-20 is a potential fluorine-containing heat-resistant explosive.
Key words:heat-resistant explosive;synthesis;calixarene;fluorinated high-energy explosive;detonation performance
Received:July 04, 2019
Fund:河南省科技攻关项目（182102310277，18A150049）,河南省重点科技项目（182400410166）,信阳师范学院“南湖学者青年计划项目”（18078）
