CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS
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二硝酰胺铵机械感度的含水量-温度耦合效应
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1南京理工大学化学与化工学院, 江苏 南京 210094;2国家民用爆破器材质量监督检验中心, 江苏 南京 210094

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国家自然科学基金(12402436)


Coupled Effects of Water Content and Temperature on the Mechanical Sensitivity of Ammonium Dinitramide
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Affiliation:

1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;2China National Quality Supervision Testing Center for Industrial Explosive Materials, Nanjing 210094, China

Fund Project:

Grant support: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.12402436)

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    摘要:

    为探究含能氧化剂二硝酰胺铵(ADN)在不同含水量和温度条件下的机械感度演变规律,采用联邦材料检验局(BAM)标准试验,并结合兰利-D最优化法,对含水量为0、5%、10%和15%的ADN样品在25,50 ℃和75 ℃下的撞击感度与摩擦感度进行了定量表征。结果表明,随着含水量增加,ADN的撞击感度和摩擦感度均明显降低,但其变化并非简单线性,而表现出一定阶段性特征。25 ℃时,ADN极限撞击能由无水状态的4 J提高至含水量5%时的30 J,当含水量达到10%及以上时超过50 J;最低摩擦荷重则由56 N逐步升高,并在15%含水条件下超过仪器量程上限。进一步分析表明,升高温度会逐步削弱水分带来的钝感效果。在相同含水量条件下,50 ℃和75 ℃时ADN的撞击极限能与摩擦最低荷重整体低于25 ℃,对应的撞击和摩擦发火概率曲线持续向低刺激方向偏移,其中摩擦感度对温度变化更为敏感。分析认为,含水量和温度的作用不仅体现在单一阈值点上,而且会引起整条发火概率曲线及小概率风险边界的系统迁移。

    Abstract:

    To investigate the evolution of the mechanical sensitivity of the energetic oxidizer ammonium dinitramide (ADN) under varying moisture and temperature conditions, standard tests specified by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) were carried out in combination with the Langlie–D optimization method. The impact and friction sensitivities of ADN samples with moisture contents of 0, 5%, 10%, and 15% were quantitatively evaluated at 25, 50, and 75 ℃. The results show that both impact and friction sensitivities decrease significantly with increasing moisture content, although the variation is not simply linear and instead exhibits a distinct stagewise pattern. At 25 ℃, the limiting impact energy increased from 4 J for anhydrous ADN to 30 J at 5% moisture content and exceeded 50 J when the moisture content reached 10% or higher. Meanwhile, the minimum friction load increased progressively from 56 N and surpassed the upper measurement limit of the apparatus at 15% moisture content. Further analysis indicates that increasing temperature gradually weakens the desensitizing effect of moisture. At a given moisture content, both the limiting impact energy and the minimum friction load at 50 and 75 ℃ are generally lower than those at 25 ℃, while the corresponding impact and friction ignition-probability curves shift continuously toward lower stimulus levels. Among them, friction sensitivity shows a stronger dependence on temperature. These results suggest that the coupled effects of moisture content and temperature are reflected not only in single threshold values, but also in systematic shifts of the entire ignition-probability curve and the corresponding low-probability risk boundary.

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刘松源,夏语,程志鹏,等. 二硝酰胺铵机械感度的含水量-温度耦合效应[J]. 含能材料,DOI:10.11943/CJEM2026060.

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  • 收稿日期: 2026-03-16
  • 最后修改日期: 2026-05-06
  • 录用日期: 2026-04-21
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-04-29
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