CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS
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基于吡唑[1,5-d]四唑稠环骨架的含能盐设计、合成与性能
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北京理工大学材料学院, 北京 100081

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国家自然科学基金项目(22305020,22375022,22075024)


Design, Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Salts Based on Pyrazolo[1,5-d]tetrazole Fused-Ring Scaffolds
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School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

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    摘要:

    以4,6-二氯-5-硝基嘧啶为起始原料,通过三步反应制备得到两种基于吡唑[1,5-d]四唑稠环骨架的含能盐6-叠氮基-7-硝基吡唑[1,5-d]四唑氨盐(化合物4)和6-氨基-7-硝基吡唑[1,5-d]四唑肼盐(化合物5)。采用傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析和X-射线单晶衍射技术确定了其结构。结果表明,氨水与水合肼的加入促使3,5-二叠氮基-4-硝基吡唑(化合物3)分子中邻位的叠氮基团发生原位环化反应,进而构建吡唑并四唑稠环骨架。同时,水合肼可将分子中未参与环化反应的叠氮基团还原为氨基。基于Gaussian 16程序计算,化合物4与化合物5的生成焓分别为666.0 kJ·mol-1和461.9 kJ·mol-1;采用EXPLO 5软件计算得到,化合物4和化合物5的爆速(D)与爆压(p)分别为8617 m·s-1、28.8 GPa和8789 m·s-1、28.4 GPa;依据BAM标准测试方法测定,化合物4与化合物5的撞击感度分别为1 J和10 J,摩擦感度分别为5 N和120 N。

    Abstract:

    Two energetic salts based on the pyrazolo[1,5-d]tetrazole fused skeleton, namely 6-azido-7-nitropyrazolo[1,5-d]tetrazolium ammonium salt (4) and 6-amino-7-nitropyrazolo[1,5-d]tetrazolium hydrazinium salt (5), were synthesized via a three-step reaction using 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine as the starting material. Their chemical structures were fully confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The results indicate that the addition of aqueous ammonia and hydrazine hydrate promotes the in-situ cyclization of the ortho-azido group in 3,5-diazido-4-nitropyrazole (3), thereby constructing the pyrazolo-tetrazole fused skeleton. Concurrently, hydrazine hydrate reduces the azido group not involved in the cyclization to an amino group. Based on calculations using the Gaussian 16 program, the formation enthalpies of compounds 4 and 5 are 666.0 kJ·mol-1 and 461.9 kJ·mol-1, respectively. The detonation velocities (D) and detonation pressures (p) calculated by the EXPLO 5 software are 8617 m·s-1 and 28.8 GPa for compound 4, and 8789 m·s-1 and 28.4 GPa for compound 5. According to the BAM standard test methods, the impact sensitivities (IS) of compounds 4 and 5 are determined to be 1 J and 10 J, while their friction sensitivities (FS) are 5 N and 120 N, respectively.

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朱文超,丁宁,徐旭东,等.基于吡唑[1,5-d]四唑稠环骨架的含能盐设计、合成与性能[J].含能材料, 2026, 34(3):220-228. DOI:10.11943/CJEM2026030.
ZHU Wen-chao, DING Ning, XU Xu-dong, et al. Design, Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Salts Based on Pyrazolo[1,5-d]tetrazole Fused-Ring Scaffolds[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2026, 34(3):220-228. DOI:10.11943/CJEM2026030.

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  • 收稿日期: 2026-02-07
  • 最后修改日期: 2026-03-23
  • 录用日期: 2026-03-19
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-03-20
  • 出版日期: 2026-03-25