CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS
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稠环联四唑结构含能化合物的合成及性能
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西南科技大学材料与化学学院,含能材料智能创制四川省国防科技重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 620101

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国家自然科学基金(22405222),西南科技大学博士基金(23ZX7153)


Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Compounds with Tetrazole Combined Fused Ring Structures
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School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology

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    摘要:

    以吡唑并嘧啶稠环联四唑和三唑并嘧啶稠环联四环为原料,通过硝化反应合成中性含能化合物3-硝基-7-氨基-6-(1H-四唑-5-基)吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶(3)和2-硝胺基-7-氨基-6-(1H-四唑-5-基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶(4),并利用嘧啶环中N原子的碱性,通过质子转移引入富氧含能阴离子NO3-和ClO4-得到硝酸盐(57)和高氯酸盐(68)。利用核磁共振波谱(1H NMR、13C NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和元素分析测试(EA)等对化合物进行表征。通过溶剂挥发法得到了化合物57的单晶,并通过X-射线单晶衍射法对其进行表征并进一步确认化合物57的单晶结构。通过真密度仪、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、撞击感度仪、摩擦感度仪等进行理化性能和感度测试,同时理论计算了其生成焓和爆轰性能。结果表明,化合物4~8的爆轰性能(7870~8471 m·s-1的范围内,爆压位于23.1~30.7 GPa)均优于TNT(Dv =6881 m·s-1p=19.5 GPa)。通过质子转移形成硝酸盐(57)和高氯酸盐(68)的爆轰性能均优于其母体化合物34,其中高氯酸盐8Dv=8471 m·s-1p=30.7 GPa)爆轰性能最高,说明构建含碱性N原子的稠环联四唑结构,并通过改变富氧含能阴离子可以调控化合物的爆轰性能。

    Abstract:

    Two neutral energetic compounds, 3-nitro-7-amino-6-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (3) and 2-nitramino-7-amino-6-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (4), were synthesized via nitration of tetrazole combined fused-ring pyrazolo-pyrimidine and tetrazole combined fused-ring triazolo-pyrimidine. By exploiting the basicity of nitrogen atoms in the pyrimidine ring, nitrate (57) and perchlorate (68) salts were subsequently obtained through proton transfer reactions. The structures of the compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and elemental analysis (EA). Single crystals of compounds 5 and 7 were obtained by solvent evaporation, and their crystal structures characterized confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Furthermore, their physicochemical properties and mechanical sensitivity were assessed through gas pycnometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), impact sensitivity/friction sensitivity tests, alongside theoretical calculations of their heat of formation and detonation performance. The results indicate that compounds 4-8 exhibit detonation velocities ranging from 7870 to 8471 m?s-1, and detonation pressures from 23.1 to 30.7 GPa, which are superior to that of TNT (Dv: 6881 m?s-1p: 19.5 GPa). The detonation performance of the nitrate (57) and perchlorate (68) salts surpasses that of their corresponding neutral compounds 3 and 4. Notably, the perchlorate salt (compound 8Dv: 8471 m?s-1p: 30.7 GPa) exhibits the most outstanding detonation performance. This study demonstrates that constructing tetrazole-fused structures containing basic nitrogen sites, followed by introducing oxygen-rich energetic anions through proton transfer, is an effective strategy for tuning the detonation properties of energetic materials.

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张国杰,谭磊,邓启烨,等. 稠环联四唑结构含能化合物的合成及性能[J]. 含能材料,DOI:10.11943/CJEM2025247.

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  • 收稿日期: 2025-11-13
  • 最后修改日期: 2026-02-24
  • 录用日期: 2026-01-26
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-02-04
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