CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS
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抗吸湿ADN/HMTA共晶的制备与性能
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西北工业大学

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Preparation and Performance of Anti-hygroscopic ADN/HMTA Cocrystal
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Northwestern Polytechnical University

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    为解决绿色高能氧化剂二硝酰胺铵(ADN)强吸湿性制约其工程应用的问题,制备ADN/六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)共晶并对其进行性能研究。采用溶剂挥发法制备ADN/HMTA共晶,通过单晶X射线衍射(SC-XRD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、有机元素分析(EA)、同步热分析(TG-DSC)、氧弹量热法、BAM撞击/摩擦感度测试及吸湿性测试,系统表征共晶的晶体结构、纯度、热性能、能量性能、机械安全性与吸湿性;借助Crystalexplorer构建2D指纹图谱对其分子间相互作用进行研究。结果表明,该共晶不对称单元中含2个ADN分子与1个HMTA分子,属单斜晶系C2/c空间群,密度为1.564 g·cm-3,分子间相互作用分析有效印证了共晶中形成了键长更短、强度更强的N?H···N氢键;XRD与EA验证共晶为纯相且ADN与HMTA摩尔比为2:1;热性能方面,共晶熔点为130.2 ℃,比ADN高38.8 ℃,热分解起始温度为168.5 ℃,比ADN高14.2 ℃;能量性能方面,共晶生成焓为-492.55 kJ·mol-1,理论比冲值为201.07 s,爆速为7854 m·s-1、爆压为20.72 GPa;机械感度方面,摩擦感度为288 N,撞击感度大于50 J,均高于ADN;吸湿性能方面,25 ℃、70%相对湿度下共晶153 h的吸湿率为0,而ADN 48 h时吸湿率已达20.95%。结论表明ADN/HMTA共晶的制备有效解决了ADN的强吸湿性问题。

    Abstract:

    To address the issue of ammonium dinitramide (ADN)’s strong hygroscopicity that restricts its engineering application, an ADN/hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) cocrystal was prepared and its properties were studied. The cocrystal was synthesized using the solvent evaporation method. Its crystal structure, purity, thermal properties, energy performance, mechanical safety, and hygroscopicity were systematically characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EA), simultaneous thermal analysis (TG-DSC), oxygen bomb calorimetry, BAM impact/touch sensitivity tests and hygroscopicity tests. The 2D fingerprint was constructed with Crystalexplorer to study its intermolecular interactions. The results showed that the asymmetric unit of the cocrystal contained two ADN molecules and one HMTA molecule, belonging to the monoclinic crystal system with the C2/c space group, and had a density of 1.564 g·cm-3. The analysis of intermolecular interactions effectively confirmed the formation of N?H···N hydrogen bonds with shorter bond lengths and greater strength in the cocrystal. XRD and EA confirmed that the cocrystal was a pure phase with a molar ratio of ADN to HMTA of 2:1. In terms of thermal properties, the melting point of the cocrystal was 130.2 ℃, 38.8 ℃ higher than that of ADN, and the initial decomposition temperature was 168.5 ℃, 14.2 ℃ higher than that of ADN. Regarding energy performance, the formation enthalpy of the cocrystal was -492.55 kJ·mol-1, the theoretical specific impulse value was 201.07 s, the detonation velocity was 7854 m·s-1, and the detonation pressure was 20.72 GPa. In terms of mechanical safety, the friction sensitivity was 288 N and the impact sensitivity was greater than 50 J, both higher than those of ADN. In terms of hygroscopicity, the hygroscopicity rate of the cocrystal was 0 after 153 h at 25 ℃ and 70% relative humidity, while the hygroscopicity rate of ADN reached 20.95% after 48 h. The conclusion indicates that the preparation of the ADN/HMTA cocrystal effectively solves the problem of ADN's strong hygroscopicity.

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张永婷,王影,夏宏蕾,等. 抗吸湿ADN/HMTA共晶的制备与性能[J]. 含能材料,DOI:10.11943/CJEM2025230.

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  • 收稿日期: 2025-10-24
  • 最后修改日期: 2025-12-04
  • 录用日期: 2025-12-18
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