The battlefield environment of modern war is becoming more and more complicated. The ammunition is facing severe mechanical, heat and electromagnetic environment, which demands higher safety. The concept of insensitive munitions (IMs) was proposed by the United States in the 1980s regarding the severe enviroments. With the implementation of insensitive ammunition program, the catastrophic accidents due to ammunition explosions were significantly reduced. Furthmore, the concept of robust munitions (RMs) was proposed by the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics in 2013. RMs are the ammunitions that can not only meet the requirements of damage efficiency, but also with high safety in the actual combat stimulus, better environmental adaptability in full-life profile. According to the safety performance, RMs can be divided into three levels, one star, two stars and three stars. One star RMs are equivalent to insensitive ammunition. RMs development involves many scientific, technical and engineering aspects and needs to be handled systemically.