CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS
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1,3,5,5-四硝基六氢嘧啶与1,4,6,6-四硝基-1,4-二氮杂环庚烷的合成、晶体结构及性能
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1.西南科技大学环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621010;2.西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院, 四川 绵阳 621010;3.南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院, 江苏 南京 211800

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四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC1205)


Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of 1,3,5,5-Tetranitro-hexahydropyrimidine and 1,4,6,6-Tetranitro- 1,4-diazepane
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1.State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;2.School of life science and engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;3.College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China

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    摘要:

    以2,2-二硝基-1,3-丙二醇为原料,分别与叔丁胺和乙二胺反应后再经硝化,合成了2种爆轰性能优异、热稳定性良好的氮杂脂肪环含能化合物:1,3,5,5-四硝基六氢嘧啶(DNNC)与1,4,6,6-四硝基-1,4-二氮杂环庚烷(TNDA)。利用核磁波谱、红外光谱、X射线单晶衍射等手段对目标化合物进行了结构表征;利用差示扫描量热-热重联用研究了其热分解行为;采用BAM测试方法测试了DNNC与TNDA的撞击感度和摩擦感度;基于等键方程与EXPLO5预测了其生成焓与爆轰参数。结果表明,DNNC单晶中环己烷骨架与TNDA单晶中环庚烷骨架均为椅式构象,两种化合物都存在广泛的分子间、分子内非经典氢键;DNNC的相变温度为155.0 ℃,热分解温度为215.3 ℃,TNDA的相变温度为154.5 ℃,热分解温度为205.9 ℃;DNNC的撞击感度为25 J、摩擦感度为144 N,TNDA的撞击感度为17.5 J、摩擦感度为240 N,均比黑索今(RDX)与奥克托今(HMX)钝感;两种化合物的理论爆速分别为8772 m·s-1、7828 m·s-1,理论爆压分别为34.8 GPa、25.0 GPa。

    Abstract:

    1,3,5,5-Tetranitro-hexahydropyrimidine (DNNC) and 1,4,6,6-tetranitro-1,4-diazepane (TNDA) were synthesized from the reaction of 2,2-dinitropropane-1,3-diol with tert-butylamine and ethylenediamine, respectively. Their structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Meanwhile, their thermal behaviors and mechanical sensitivities were determined by differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry(DSC-TG) and the BAM methods. Furthermore, isodesmic reactions and EXPLO5 were used to predict detonation parameters. The crystal structures indicate that the cyclohexane skeleton in DNNC and the cycloheptane skeleton in TNDA are both chair conformations. Both of them have extensive intermolecular and intramolecular non-classical hydrogen bonds. The results of DSC-TG show that the phase transition temperatures of DNNC and TNDA are 155.0 ℃ and 154.5 ℃, respectively. Furthermore, their peak decomposition temperatures are 215.3 ℃ and 205.9 ℃. In addition, DNNC and TNDA possess good mechanical sensitivity. Their impact sensitivities are 25 J and 17.5 J, and friction sensitivities are 144 N and 240 N. Besides, their theoretical detonation velocities are 8772 m·s-1 and 7828 m·s-1, and detonation pressures are 34.8 GPa and 25.0 GPa.

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杜慧英,屈智慧,夏江璐,等.1,3,5,5-四硝基六氢嘧啶与1,4,6,6-四硝基-1,4-二氮杂环庚烷的合成、晶体结构及性能[J].含能材料, 2024, 32(5):475-483. DOI:10.11943/CJEM2023201.
DU Hui-ying, QU Zhi-hui, XIA Jiang-lu, et al. Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of 1,3,5,5-Tetranitro-hexahydropyrimidine and 1,4,6,6-Tetranitro- 1,4-diazepane[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2024, 32(5):475-483. DOI:10.11943/CJEM2023201.

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  • 收稿日期: 2023-09-18
  • 最后修改日期: 2023-12-27
  • 录用日期: 2023-12-25
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-12-26
  • 出版日期: 2024-05-25