2-Amino-4-nitroimidazole was synthesized using 4-nitroimidazole as starting materials, followed by nitration, thermal rearrangement and selective reduction. The condensation of 2-amino-4-nitroimidazole with 3-chloro-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenamine led to obtain 2-(3-amino-2, 4, 6-trinitro)phenylamino-4-nitroimidazole in 15% yield. Their structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, MS and IR. Selective reduction and condensation reaction mechanism were discussed. Thermal behaviors of 2-amino-4-nitroimidazole and its derivative were studied by DSC, decomposition temperatures are 236.32 ℃ and 244.86 ℃, respectively.